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3PL Dictionary

Common fulfillment and logistics terms explained in plain English

3PL

Third-Party Logistics provider that handles warehousing, fulfillment, and shipping for e-commerce brands.

ASN

Advance Ship Notice - a document sent before inventory arrives detailing SKUs, quantities, and carton counts.

BOL

Bill of Lading - freight document for LTL/FTL shipments including pallet count, weight, and freight class.

Cycle Count

Regular partial inventory audits where subsets of SKUs are counted to maintain accuracy without full warehouse counts.

Drayage

Short-distance trucking service, typically from port to warehouse for container pickup and delivery.

FBA

Fulfilled by Amazon - Amazon stores and ships your products from their warehouses.

FBM

Fulfilled by Merchant - seller handles fulfillment from their own warehouse or 3PL.

FNSKU

Fulfillment Network SKU - Amazon's unique identifier for FBA products, starts with 'X00'.

Kitting

Combining multiple individual products into a single bundled SKU with unique barcode.

LTL

Less Than Truckload - freight shipping for 1-10 pallets that don't fill a full truck.

Pick & Pack

Process of picking ordered items from inventory and packing them for shipment.

SKU

Stock Keeping Unit - unique identifier for each distinct product in inventory.

WFS

Walmart Fulfillment Services - Walmart's version of FBA for marketplace sellers.